Dashpot with amplitude-dependent shock absorption

ABSTRACT

A dashpot featuring amplitude-dependent shock absorption, especially intended for the wheel of a vehicle and including a hydraulically parallel cylindrical pressure-compensation chamber ( 8 ). The pressure-compensation chamber is partitioned by an axially displaceable floating piston ( 10 ). At least one face ( 25 ) of the floating piston is provided with a resilient bumper ( 18 ).  
     The object is a dashpot with a floating piston that arrives more gently at its limit inside the pressure-compensation chamber ( 8 ).  
     The bumper is accordingly accommodated in an axial hollow ( 17 ) that extends through the body ( 15 ) of the floating piston.

The present invention concerns a dashpot, or shock absorber, featuring amplitude-dependent shock absorption and including a hydraulically parallel cylindrical pressure-compensation chamber as recited in the preamble to claim 1.

Dashpots with amplitude-dependent shock absorption like the device recited in claim 1 herein have been developed for use with motor vehicle wheels in particular, to ensure that the level of shock absorption will decrease when the oscillations are both high in frequency and narrow in amplitude. A dashpot of this genus is known from EP 1 152 166 A1. The device features a hydraulically parallel cylindrical pressure-compensation chamber partitioned into two halves by an axially displaceable floating piston. At least one face of the floating piston is provided with a resilient bumper. The bumper is in the form of an O ring that fits into a groove. This is a drawback in that the bumper's performance curve is so hard that the floating piston's impact against the bottom of the pressure-compensation chamber will lead to jolts that are at least heard and in the worst case even felt inside the vehicle. The sudden impacts on the bumper also soon lead to wear. Furthermore, a hard bumper accelerates the transition between soft and hard dashpot-performance curves. This situation in turn can result in impermissibly steep acceleration of the piston rod at the transition point, perceived inside the vehicle as irritating noise or dissonant shock absorption.

The object of the present invention is a dashpot of the aforesaid genus improved to ensure that the floating piston will arrive gently at its terminal position in the pressure-compensation chamber.

This object is attained in accordance with the present invention in a dashpot of the aforesaid genus by the characteristics recited in the bodies of claims 1 and 12.

Claims 2 through 11 and 13 through 28 address practical alternative and advanced embodiments.

The elastomeric bumper is accordingly accommodated in a hollow that extends axially through the body of the floating piston. This approach has several advantages. Any deformation will be distributed more uniformly over a wider area of the bumper, and hence there will be fewer local strains in the material. The performance curve can be softer. Another advantage is more reliable cementing or vulcanization to the floating piston's body. There will be less noise and less wear, considerably extending the component's life. In special applications, when the hollow through the body of the floating piston is very wide, the bumper can even be in one piece, with heads on each side that extend over each face. The bumper will accordingly be locked into position in the body of the floating piston in addition to any other means of fastening it.

The embodiment recited in claim 10 features an alternative approach to shock absorption at one end of the floating piston. Here, the floating piston is provided with a central arbor that eventually enters the central hydraulic-fluid supply bore. The result is hydraulic shock absorption without the floating piston impacting the associated base of the pressure-compensation chamber. This embodiment as well ensures a soft start. The inward tapering of the arbor at one end allows adaptation of the shock absorption to individual requirements.

One embodiment of the present invention will now be specified with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein

FIG. 1 is a section through the vicinity of the working piston in a dashpot,

FIGS. 2 and 3 depict different versions of the floating piston,

FIG. 4 depicts an alternative version of the floating piston, which operates in conjunction with an associated pressure compensation chamber,

FIGS. 5 and 6 are sections similar to the section in FIG. 1 with alternative versions of the pressure-compensation chamber housing,

FIG. 7 is a graph representing force over distance as the floating piston enters operation, and

FIG. 8 is a larger-scale illustration of a detail of FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 is a section through the vicinity of the working piston in a dashpot with, in the present case, a solid-walled cylinder. Cylinder 1 is closed at the top and bottom and charged with shock absorption fluid. Working piston 3 travels up and down inside cylinder 1 on one end of a piston rod 2. The working piston 3 in the illustrated example is indirectly connected, and partitions cylinder 1 into two compression-decompression compartments 4 and 5. Piston rod 2 travels into and out of cylinder 1 through a sealed port at the bottom. The fluid can flow out of one compression-decompression compartment and into the other through sloping bores 6. The ends of sloping bores 6 are capped top and bottom by resilient stacks 7 of cupsprings, each stack 7 accordingly decelerating the flow.

Cylinder 1 and piston rod 2 are attached by unillustrated means to the vehicle's wheel at one end and to its chassis at the other.

When vibrations of narrow amplitude occur between piston rod 2 and cylinder 1, only weak shock-absorption forces are needed to unnecessarily prevent deterioration of riding comfort, whereas the performance curve of the particular cupspring-capped valves employed will not allow corresponding compensation without simultaneously decreasing the shock-absorption force in the range of higher starting amplitudes, which would have a deleterious effect on driving dynamics. A cylindrical pressure-compensation chamber 8 is accordingly accommodated inside floating piston 10 in an extension 9 of piston rod 2 hydraulically parallel with working piston 3. Pressure-compensation chamber 8 is partitioned into two half chambers 11 and 12 by a floating piston 10. Half chambers 11 and 12 communicate hydraulically through ports, preferably bores 13 and 14, with compression-decompression compartments 4 and 5.

The body 15 of floating piston 10 rests radially by way of a low friction sleeve 16 against the cylindrical inner surface of pressure-compensation chamber 8, allowing the piston to travel up and down axially inside the chamber.

Floating piston 10 is provided with an axial hollow 17, in the form of a central bore in the present example. A bumper 18 in the form of a shaft with a head 19, at each end in the illustrated embodiment, extends through hollow 17, Each head 19 is in the form of a shallow cone, its base covering the adjacent face of body 15. The shaft and heads in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 are in one piece and are vulcanized or molded onto the faces of floating piston 10.

The bore 14 between the lower half chamber 12 of pressure compensation chamber 8 and the lower compression-decompression compartment 5 of cylinder 1 extends along the central axis of piston-rod extension 9. As floating piston 10 comes into action accordingly, and strikes the base represented at the bottom of FIG. 1, bore 14 would ordinarily close too suddenly, inducing impacts in the overall system. This behavior is not desirable, and the bumper would be rapidly destroyed by the edge of the bore. The pressure-compensation end of the bore 14 is accordingly capped with an isolating disk 20. The fluid can flow out of bore 14 and into the lower half chamber 12 of pressure-compensation chamber 8 by way of several ports 21 along the edge of isolating disk 20. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 as well, accordingly, floating piston 10 will be ensured of a soft start against the base, i.e. isolating disk 20 in the present case, of pressure compensation chamber 8. This function is ensured at any event in relation to the upper base 22 by a radially outward bore 13. Isolating disk 20 will in one alternative not be necessary if the bore 14 through a bolt 23 that working piston 3 is mounted on is a blind bore and does not extend through the lower base. In this event, the bore will communicate with the lower half chamber 12 of floating piston 10 through several supplementary channels. Since the openings into these channels are positioned radially outward in the lower base, bumper 18 will not be able to block them and will not be damaged by the edge of the openings.

The piston-rod extension 9 that accommodates the pressure compensation chamber 8 in FIG. 1 is welded. Its lower end is provided with a bolt 23 whereon working piston 3 is mounted, secured by a nut 24.

FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative version of floating piston 10. The floating piston's body 15, low-friction sleeve 16, and axial hollow 17 are similar to the ones illustrated in FIG. 1. Bumper 18 on the other hand is provided with integral annular ridges 26 that rest against the faces of floating-piston body 15. To prevent them from adhering to base 22, each annular ridge 26 is provided with at least one radial intersection 27. The shaft of bumper 18 does not completely occupy hollow 17, simplifying installation in a housing with a central intake channel. Each head of bumper 18 will be thoroughly embedded in a recess provided in each face of floating piston 10. Floating-piston body 15 will impact the base of the cylinder by way of annular ridges 26, limiting the deformation of bumper 18 and accordingly prolonging its life.

The floating piston 10 illustrated in FIG. 3 is similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, however, hollow 17 is very wide, and the head is provided with a spherical bulge 19. This species of floating piston allows bumper 18 to be separate from floating-piston body 15, and the two components can snap together, resulting in an interlocking attachment. Floating piston 10 will accordingly be easier to adapt to various requirements. Various embodiments of bumper 18 can be combined with various embodiments of floating-piston body 15 as desired. Floating piston 10 can be cemented or vulcanized or fabricated by bicomponent plastic injection molding. The outer annular surface in this embodiment of floating piston 10 can also act as a terminating stop, limiting the extent of deformation of bumper 18. In this event, however, the mass of the bumper will not, as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, be forced into the depressions in the faces of floating-piston body 15 but will mainly be deformed axially by the body as a whole.

The piston-rod extension 9 depicted in FIG. 4 differs from the one depicted in FIG. 1 in that it is not welded but screwed together. The essential difference, however, is in the terminating shock absorption. Instead of the mechanical shock absorption represented in FIGS. 1 through 3, that is, at least one end features hydraulic shock absorption. One face of floating piston 10 is provided with a central arbor 28 that, as the piston approaches lower base 29, enters the bore 14 through the center of the bolt 23 that working piston 3 is mounted on. The hydraulic flow through the bore will accordingly be impeded. Arbor 28 can, as illustrated in FIG. 4, taper in toward its end. In this event, bore 14 will accordingly gradually close as floating piston 10 comes to rest against lower base 29.

The hollow for the pressure-compensation chamber 8 illustrated in FIG. 5 is particularly economical to produce. The hollow itself is in the form of a blind bore in the end of piston rod 2. The bore can be conventionally produced by machining. Cold forging can also be employed.

It is important for the wall 31 at the end 30 of piston rod 2 to be in one piece with the piston rod.

Hydraulic communication between the upper half chamber 11 of pressure-compensation chamber 8 and the upper compression decompression compartment 4 of cylinder 1 is provided, as in the aforesaid embodiments, by a transverse bore 13.

The bolt 23 that the working piston 3 is mounted on in a further development of this embodiment can be cold forged for example and, as illustrated in FIG. 5, provided with a connector flange 32. In this event, the central bore 14 in bolt 23 is blind and does not extend through connector flange 32. Transverse bores 33 slope through the flange and open into the blind end of central bore 14 on the one hand and, on the other, into the edge of the lower base 29 of pressure-compensation chamber 8.

The floating piston 10 in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 is similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 3.

How the piston rod and its extension illustrated in FIG. 5 are assembled will now be specified. Floating piston 10 is inserted into the blind bore that constitutes pressure-compensation chamber 8. Connector flange 32, which is rimmed by a wider lip 34, is inserted into the end of pressure-compensation chamber 8. The wall 31 that demarcates pressure-compensation chamber 8 at the bottom of end 30 is at this stage already being forced powerfully against the circumference of connector flange 32, and the resulting joint between the wall and the flange will be tight of itself. This joint, however, is further reinforced by a weld 35, especially a laser or electron-beam weld.

The tightness of the joint before welding will go far to prevent the inclusion of air during that procedure. As will be evident from FIG. 5, weld 35 is deeper than wall 31 is thick, enuring that the base of the joint will also melt.

The overflow from weld 35 is subjected to lower welding power, preventing the pokeholes that would cause weakness, especially subject to bending stress.

To improve the roundness tolerance between the two components, the joint is welded in at least two passes, with less power during the first. This approach minimizes heat default. Generally the welding speed will be high to keep as much heat as possible out of the work and accordingly to prevent damage to the floating piston.

The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 is similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 1. The end 30 of piston rod 2 and the adjacent housing 36 for pressure-compensation chamber 8 are aligned by a centering pin 37 before being finally fastened in place by a weld 38. This measure maintains the two components concentric.

FIG. 7 is a graph representing force over distance in a floating piston 10 like the one illustrated in FIG. 3. The piston's gentler approach to upper base 22 or lower base 29 is obvious. Before, however, the bumper can deform enough to generate a steep progressive increase 39 in force, one face 25 of floating piston 10 will have come to rest against its adjacent base 22 or 29. The force-to-distance behavior of bumper 18 will accordingly be very sensitive to tolerances.

FIG. 8 is a larger-scale rendering illustrating how an isolating disk 20 can be secured in a piston-rod extension and to the bottom 40 adjacent to working-piston accommodating bolt 23 and capping lower half chamber 12.

The bottom 40 in this embodiment is provided with a recess with more or less the same diameter as isolating disk 20. The recess also has a depth 41 that exceeds the thickness 42 of isolating disk 20.

Isolating disk 20 is embedded in the recess and the projecting edge 43 crimped onto it with an overhead punch 44, reliably securing the disk to the bottom 40 of piston-rod extension 9. The disk does not need to be secured as effectively axially because the difference in pressure between lower half chamber 12 and central bore 14 is not very great.

As will be evident from FIG. 8, punch 44 travels laterally along the inner surface of pressure-compensation chamber 8.

Isolating disk 20 can be continuously or discontinuously crimped along its circumference.

List of Parts

-   1. cylinder -   2. piston rod -   3. working piston -   4. upper compression-decompression compartment -   5. lower compression-decompression compartment -   6. sloping bore -   7. stack of cupsprings -   8. pressure-compensation chamber -   9. piston-rod extension -   10. floating piston -   11. upper half chamber -   12. lower half chamber -   13. transverse bore -   14. central bore -   15. body of floating piston -   16. low-friction sleeve -   17. hollow -   18. bumper -   19. bulge -   20. isolating disk -   21. port -   22. upper base -   23. working-piston accommodating bolt -   24. nut -   25. face -   26. annular ridge -   27. intersection -   28. arbor -   29. lower base -   30. end -   31. wall -   32. connector flange -   33. transverse bores -   34. lip -   35. weld -   36. housing -   37. centering pin -   38. weld -   39. increase -   40. bottom of piston-rod extension -   41. depth -   42. thickness -   43. projecting edge -   44. punch 

1. Dashpot featuring amplitude-dependent shock absorption especially intended for the wheel of a vehicle and including a hydraulically parallel cylindrical pressure compensation chamber (8) partitioned by an axially displaceable floating piston (10), at least one face (25) of which is provided with a resilient bumper (18), characterized in that the bumper is accommodated in an axial hollow (17) that extends through the body (15) of the floating piston.
 2. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the bumper (18) is vulcanized into the hollow (17) or to the face (25) of the floating piston (10) or both.
 3. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the bumper (18) is cemented into the hollow (17) or to the face (25) of the floating piston (10).
 4. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the bumper (18) and the body (15) of the floating piston (10) are bicomponent injection molded from rubber and plastic.
 5. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the bumper (18) is an annular ridge that covers the face (25) of the floating piston (10).
 6. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the bumper (18) is a central spherical bulge (19) that covers the face (25) of the floating piston (10).
 7. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the body (15) of floating piston (10) is provided with a stationary stop preferably in the form of a ring extending beyond its face.
 8. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized by a low-friction sleeve (16) in the form of a sheet of PTFE over the outer surface of the body (15) of floating piston (10).
 9. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the body (15) of floating piston (10) is coated with a material with good friction resistant properties.
 10. Dashpot as in claim 1, whereby the pressure-compensation chamber communicates hydraulically at at least one end with one of the compression decompression compartments (4 & 5) through a central bore, characterized in that the end of the central bore (14) adjacent to the pressure-compensation chamber (8) is capped by an isolating disk (20) with ports (21) along its circumference and in that the central bore communicates hydraulically with the pressure compensation chamber through at least one of the ports.
 11. Dashpot as in claim 1, whereby the pressure-compensation chamber communicates hydraulically at at least one end with one of the compression decompression compartments (4 & 5) through a central bore, characterized in that the end of the central bore (14) adjacent to the pressure-compensation chamber (8) is blinded and communicates with the chamber through a channel, preferably a bore, that slopes in relation to the bottom edge of the chamber.
 12. Dashpot featuring amplitude-dependent shock absorption especially intended for the wheel of a vehicle, and including a cylindrical pressure-compensation chamber (8) partitioned by an axially displaceable floating piston (10), whereby at least one end of the pressure-compensation chamber communicates hydraulically with one (5) of the two compression decompression compartments through a central bore (14), characterized in that at least one side of the floating piston (10) is provided with a central arbor (28) with a diameter shorter than or as long as the diameter of the central bore (14).
 13. Dashpot as in claim 12, characterized in that the arbor (28) tapers in toward the end.
 14. Dashpot as in claim 1, wherein face (25) of the floating piston (10) facing the arbor (28) is provided with a resilient bumper (18).
 15. Dashpot as in claim 14, characterized in that the bumper (18) is an annular ridge that covers the face (25) of the floating piston (10).
 16. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the bumper (18) is a central spherical bulge (19) that covers the face (25) of the floating piston (10).
 17. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the body (15) of floating piston (10) is of light metal, preferably an aluminum alloy.
 18. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure-compensation chamber (8) is a bore in the piston rod
 2. 19. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical pressure-compensation chamber (8) is accommodated in a separate housing at the end of the piston rod (2).
 20. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the housing is provided with a bore, and either the end of the piston rod or a pin or bolt extending out of it is introduced into the bore.
 21. Shock absorber [sic] as in claim 20, characterized in that the pin or bolt on the end of the piston rod is a centering pin forced into a bore along its central axis.
 22. Dashpot as in claim 20, wherein once the end of the piston rod or the pin or bolt that extends out of it has been introduced into the bore in the housing, the components are welded together.
 23. Dashpot as in claim 20, characterized in that the bore in the housing is enough narrower than the pin or bolt at the end of the piston rod or than the end of the piston rod is wide to provide a tight fit between the bore and the pin or bolt or between the bore and the end of the piston rod.
 24. Dashpot as in claim 22, characterized in that the components are welded together by laser welding.
 25. Dashpot as in claim 22, characterized in that the welding extends along the total circumference.
 26. Shock absorber [sic] as in claim 25, characterized in that the welding is carried out in two passes, the first an attaching pass and the second a fastening pass.
 27. Dashpot as in claim 26, characterized in that the welding power increases or decreases at the beginning or end or both of the fastening pass.
 28. Dashpot as in claim 1, characterized in that the housing and the piston rod or both are 19 MnB4 steel.
 29. Dashpot as in claim 10, characterized in that the isolating disk (20) is embedded in a recess with more or less the same diameter and with a depth (41) that exceeds the thickness (42) of the isolating disk (20), whereby the projecting edge (43) of the recess is crimped onto the floating piston (10) continuously or discontinuously crimped along its circumference. 